Example 2: The Barber Paradox
Imagine a barber who says he shaves all the men in the village, but only those who do not shave themselves. Does he shave himself?
If he does not shave himself, then he must be one of the men in the village who do not shave. So he would shave himself, which contradicts our initial assumption. Therefore, he must shave himself.
But if he shaves himself, then he is shaving a man who shaves himself, which means he does not shave himself. Therefore, he does not shave himself.
This creates an infinite loop of contradictions, making it impossible to determine whether the barber shaves or does not shave himself.