In 1980, psychologist Barbara L. Fredrickson discovered that people tend to be more concerned with how they appear to others than with actual reality. This led to the development of social media, where one can curate an idealized self through the strategic placement of selfies.
Learn more about the Selfie Effect.Proposed by David R. Dunning and Justin K. Kruger in 1973, this theory states that people tend to overestimate the value of their skills and abilities. This can be seen in the many self-proclaimed experts found on the internet, claiming to be authorities on subjects they've never studied.
Read about the Dunning-Krider Effect.This made-up theory, inspired by the famous Baader-Meinhoff coffee shop, states that the best way to boost productivity is by consuming excessive amounts of coffee while working in a dimly lit basement. It is not supported by scientific evidence, but has been known to be effective for those who've tried it (don't try this at home).
Discover the benefits of the Baader-Meinhoff Effect.Proposed by Barry M. Posluns in 1976, this theory states that people tend to hold onto losing propositions because they feel a "sunk cost" is greater than the potential gain. This is often seen in the many failed startups and relationships that refuse to let go.
Learn more about the Sunk Cost Fallacy.In 2011, Dan Ariely proposed that people tend to place a higher value on something when they've invested more time, effort, or money into it. This can be seen in the many who've spent hours assembling IKEA furniture, only to find it's not as great as they thought it would be.
Understand the IKEA Effect.For more information on other, lesser-known theories, see our Psychology Theories page.